|
create_function
Create a function dynamically by evaluating a string of code
WarningThis function has been
DEPRECATED as of PHP 7.2.0, and REMOVED as of PHP 8.0.0. Relying on this function
is highly discouraged.
Description
string create_function(string $args , string $code )
Caution
This function internally performs an eval and as such has the
same security issues as eval. It also has bad performance
and memory usage characteristics, because the created functions are global and
can not be freed.
A native
anonymous function should be used instead.
Parameters
It is normally advisable to pass these parameters as
single quoted
strings. If using double quoted
strings, variable names in the code need to be escaped carefully, e.g.
\$somevar .
-
args
-
The function arguments, as a single comma-separated string.
-
code
-
The function code.
Return Values
Returns a unique function name as a string, or false on failure.
Note that the name contains a non-printable character ("\0" ),
so care should be taken when printing the name or incorporating it in any other
string.
Examples
Example #1
Creating a function dynamically, with create_function
or anonymous functions
You can use a dynamically created function, to (for example) create a function from
information gathered at run time. First, using create_function:
<?php
$newfunc = create_function('$a,$b', 'return "ln($a) + ln($b) = " . log($a * $b);');
echo $newfunc(2, M_E) . "\n";
?>
Now the same code, using an anonymous function;
note that the code and arguments are no longer contained in strings:
<?php
$newfunc = function($a,$b) { return "ln($a) + ln($b) = " . log($a * $b); };
echo $newfunc(2, M_E) . "\n";
?>
The above example will output:
ln(2) + ln(2.718281828459) = 1.6931471805599
Example #2
Making a general processing function, with create_function
or anonymous functions
Another use could be to have general handler function that can apply a set
of operations to a list of parameters:
<?php
function process($var1, $var2, $farr)
{
foreach ($farr as $f) {
echo $f($var1, $var2) . "\n";
}
}
// create a bunch of math functions
$farr = array(
create_function('$x,$y', 'return "some trig: ".(sin($x) + $x*cos($y));'),
create_function('$x,$y', 'return "a hypotenuse: ".sqrt($x*$x + $y*$y);'),
create_function('$a,$b', 'if ($a >=0) {return "b*a^2 = ".$b*sqrt($a);} else {return false;}'),
create_function('$a,$b', "return \"min(b^2+a, a^2,b) = \".min(\$a*\$a+\$b,\$b*\$b+\$a);"),
create_function('$a,$b', 'if ($a > 0 && $b != 0) {return "ln(a)/b = ".log($a)/$b; } else { return false; }')
);
echo "\nUsing the first array of dynamic functions\n";
echo "parameters: 2.3445, M_PI\n";
process(2.3445, M_PI, $farr);
// now make a bunch of string processing functions
$garr = array(
create_function('$b,$a', 'if (strncmp($a, $b, 3) == 0) return "** \"$a\" '.
'and \"$b\"\n** Look the same to me! (looking at the first 3 chars)";'),
create_function('$a,$b', 'return "CRCs: " . crc32($a) . ", ".crc32($b);'),
create_function('$a,$b', 'return "similar(a,b) = " . similar_text($a, $b, $p) . "($p%)";')
);
echo "\nUsing the second array of dynamic functions\n";
process("Twas brilling and the slithy toves", "Twas the night", $garr);
?>
Again, here is the same code using
anonymous functions.
Note that variable names in the code no longer need to be escaped,
because they are not enclosed in a string.
<?php
function process($var1, $var2, $farr)
{
foreach ($farr as $f) {
echo $f($var1, $var2) . "\n";
}
}
// create a bunch of math functions
$farr = array(
function($x,$y) { return "some trig: ".(sin($x) + $x*cos($y)); },
function($x,$y) { return "a hypotenuse: ".sqrt($x*$x + $y*$y); },
function($a,$b) { if ($a >=0) {return "b*a^2 = ".$b*sqrt($a);} else {return false;} },
function($a,$b) { return "min(b^2+a, a^2,b) = " . min($a*$a+$b, $b*$b+$a); },
function($a,$b) { if ($a > 0 && $b != 0) {return "ln(a)/b = ".log($a)/$b; } else { return false; } }
);
echo "\nUsing the first array of dynamic functions\n";
echo "parameters: 2.3445, M_PI\n";
process(2.3445, M_PI, $farr);
// now make a bunch of string processing functions
$garr = array(
function($b,$a) { if (strncmp($a, $b, 3) == 0) return "** \"$a\" " .
"and \"$b\"\n** Look the same to me! (looking at the first 3 chars)"; },
function($a,$b) { return "CRCs: " . crc32($a) . ", ".crc32($b); },
function($a,$b) { return "similar(a,b) = " . similar_text($a, $b, $p) . "($p%)"; }
);
echo "\nUsing the second array of dynamic functions\n";
process("Twas brilling and the slithy toves", "Twas the night", $garr);
?>
The above example will output:
Using the first array of dynamic functions
parameters: 2.3445, M_PI
some trig: -1.6291725057799
a hypotenuse: 3.9199852871011
b*a^2 = 4.8103313314525
min(b^2+a, a^2,b) = 8.6382729035898
ln(a)/b = 0.27122299212594
Using the second array of dynamic functions
** "Twas the night" and "Twas brilling and the slithy toves"
** Look the same to me! (looking at the first 3 chars)
CRCs: 3569586014, 342550513
similar(a,b) = 11(45.833333333333%)
Example #3 Using dynamic functions as callback functions
Perhaps the most common use for dynamic functions
is to pass them as callbacks, for example when using
array_walk or usort.
<?php
$av = array("the ", "a ", "that ", "this ");
array_walk($av, create_function('&$v,$k', '$v = $v . "mango";'));
print_r($av);
?>
<?php
$av = array("the ", "a ", "that ", "this ");
array_walk($av, function(&$v,$k) { $v = $v . "mango"; });
print_r($av);
?>
The above example will output:
Array
(
[0] => the mango
[1] => a mango
[2] => that mango
[3] => this mango
)
Sorting strings from longest to shortest with create_function:
<?php
$sv = array("small", "a big string", "larger", "it is a string thing");
echo "Original:\n";
print_r($sv);
echo "Sorted:\n";
usort($sv, create_function('$a,$b','return strlen($b) - strlen($a);'));
print_r($sv);
?>
<?php
$sv = array("small", "a big string", "larger", "it is a string thing");
echo "Original:\n";
print_r($sv);
echo "Sorted:\n";
usort($sv, function($a,$b) { return strlen($b) - strlen($a); });
print_r($sv);
?>
The above example will output:
Original:
Array
(
[0] => small
[1] => a big string
[2] => larger
[3] => it is a string thing
)
Sorted:
Array
(
[0] => it is a string thing
[1] => a big string
[2] => larger
[3] => small
)
|