PHP Manual: Examples

Examples

Example #1 Throwing an Exception

<?php
function inverse($x) {
    if (!$x) {
        throw new Exception('Division by zero.');
    }
    return 1/$x;
}

try {
    echo inverse(5) . "\n";
    echo inverse(0) . "\n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo 'Caught exception: ',  $e->getMessage(), "\n";
}

// Continue execution
echo "Hello World\n";
?>

The above example will output:

0.2
Caught exception: Division by zero.
Hello World

Example #2 Exception handling with a finally block

<?php
function inverse($x) {
    if (!$x) {
        throw new Exception('Division by zero.');
    }
    return 1/$x;
}

try {
    echo inverse(5) . "\n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo 'Caught exception: ',  $e->getMessage(), "\n";
} finally {
    echo "First finally.\n";
}

try {
    echo inverse(0) . "\n";
} catch (Exception $e) {
    echo 'Caught exception: ',  $e->getMessage(), "\n";
} finally {
    echo "Second finally.\n";
}

// Continue execution
echo "Hello World\n";
?>

The above example will output:

0.2
First finally.
Caught exception: Division by zero.
Second finally.
Hello World

Example #3 Interaction between the finally block and return

<?php

function test() {
    try {
        throw new Exception('foo');
    } catch (Exception $e) {
        return 'catch';
    } finally {
        return 'finally';
    }
}

echo test();
?>

The above example will output:

finally

Example #4 Nested Exception

<?php

class MyException extends Exception { }

class Test {
    public function testing() {
        try {
            try {
                throw new MyException('foo!');
            } catch (MyException $e) {
                // rethrow it
                throw $e;
            }
        } catch (Exception $e) {
            var_dump($e->getMessage());
        }
    }
}

$foo = new Test;
$foo->testing();

?>

The above example will output:

string(4) "foo!"

Example #5 Multi catch exception handling

<?php

class MyException extends Exception { }

class MyOtherException extends Exception { }

class Test {
    public function testing() {
        try {
            throw new MyException();
        } catch (MyException | MyOtherException $e) {
            var_dump(get_class($e));
        }
    }
}

$foo = new Test;
$foo->testing();

?>

The above example will output:

string(11) "MyException"

Example #6 Omitting the caught variable

Only permitted in PHP 8.0.0 and later.

<?php

class SpecificException extends Exception {}

function test() {
    throw new SpecificException('Oopsie');
}

try {
    test();
} catch (SpecificException) {
    print "A SpecificException was thrown, but we don't care about the details.";
}
?>

The above example will output:

A SpecificException was thrown, but we don't care about the details.

Example #7 Throw as an expression

Only permitted in PHP 8.0.0 and later.

<?php

function test() {
    do_something_risky() or throw new Exception('It did not work');
}

function do_something_risky() {
    return false; // Simulate failure
}

try {
    test();
} catch (Exception $e) {
    print $e->getMessage();
}
?>

The above example will output:

It did not work

Example #8 Exception in try and in finally

<?php

try {
    try {
        throw new Exception(message: 'Third', previous: new Exception('Fourth'));
    } finally {
        throw new Exception(message: 'First', previous: new Exception('Second'));
    }
} catch (Exception $e) {
    var_dump(
        $e->getMessage(),
        $e->getPrevious()->getMessage(),
        $e->getPrevious()->getPrevious()->getMessage(),
        $e->getPrevious()->getPrevious()->getPrevious()->getMessage(),
    );
}

The above example will output:

string(5) "First"
string(6) "Second"
string(5) "Third"
string(6) "Fourth"