MongoDB\Driver
PHP Manual

The MongoDB\Driver\Cursor class

Introduction

The MongoDB\Driver\Cursor class encapsulates the results of a MongoDB command or query and may be returned by MongoDB\Driver\Manager::executeCommand or MongoDB\Driver\Manager::executeQuery, respectively.

Class synopsis

MongoDB\Driver\Cursor
final class MongoDB\Driver\Cursor implements MongoDB\Driver\CursorInterface {
/* Methods */
final private __construct()
public arrayobjectnull current()
final public MongoDB\BSON\Int64 getId()
final public MongoDB\Driver\Server getServer()
final public bool isDead()
public int key()
public void next()
public void rewind()
final public void setTypeMap(array $typemap)
final public array toArray()
public bool valid()
}

Changelog

Version Description
PECL mongodb 1.9.0 Implements Iterator.
PECL mongodb 1.6.0 Implements MongoDB\Driver\CursorInterface, which extends Traversable.

Examples

Example #1 Reading a result set

MongoDB\Driver\Manager::executeCommand and MongoDB\Driver\Manager::executeQuery both return their result(s) as a MongoDB\Driver\Cursor object. This object can be used to iterate over the result set of the command or query.

Because MongoDB\Driver\Cursor implements the Traversable interface, you can simply iterate over the result set with foreach. 

<?php

$manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager();

/* Insert some documents so that our query returns information */
$bulkWrite = new MongoDB\Driver\BulkWrite;
$bulkWrite->insert(['name' => 'Ceres', 'size' => 946, 'distance' => 2.766]);
$bulkWrite->insert(['name' => 'Vesta', 'size' => 525, 'distance' => 2.362]);
$manager->executeBulkWrite("test.asteroids", $bulkWrite);

/* Query for all the items in the collection */
$query = new MongoDB\Driver\Query( [] );

/* Query the "asteroids" collection of the "test" database */
$cursor = $manager->executeQuery("test.asteroids", $query);

/* $cursor now contains an object that wraps around the result set. Use
 * foreach() to iterate over all the result */
foreach($cursor as $document) {
    print_r($document);
}

?>

The above example will output something similar to:

stdClass Object
(
    [_id] => MongoDB\BSON\ObjectId Object
        (
            [oid] => 5a4cff2f122d3321565d8cc2
        )

    [name] => Ceres
    [size] => 946
    [distance] => 2.766
)
stdClass Object
(
    [_id] => MongoDB\BSON\ObjectId Object
        (
            [oid] => 5a4cff2f122d3321565d8cc3
        )

    [name] => Vesta
    [size] => 525
    [distance] => 2.362
}

Example #2 Reading a result set for a tailable cursor

» Tailable cursors are a special type of MongoDB cursor that allows the client to read some results and then wait until more documents become available. These cursors are primarily used with » Capped Collections and » Change Streams.

While normal cursors can be iterated once with foreach, that approach will not work with tailable cursors. When foreach is used with a tailable cursor, the loop will stop upon reaching the end of the initial result set. Attempting to continue iteration on the cursor with a second foreach would throw an exception, since PHP attempts to rewind the cursor. Similar to result objects in other database drivers, cursors in MongoDB only support forward iteration, which means they cannot be rewound.

In order to continuously read from a tailable cursor, the Cursor object must be wrapped with an IteratorIterator. This allows the application to directly control the cursor's iteration, avoid inadvertently rewinding the cursor, and decide when to wait for new results or stop iteration entirely.

In order to demonstrate a tailable cursor in action, two scripts will be used: a "producer" and a "consumer". The producer script will create a new capped collection using the » create command and proceed to insert a new document into that collection each second. 

<?php

$manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager;

$manager->executeCommand('test', new MongoDB\Driver\Command([
    'create' => 'asteroids',
    'capped' => true,
    'size' => 1048576,
]));

while (true) {
    $bulkWrite = new MongoDB\Driver\BulkWrite;
    $bulkWrite->insert(['createdAt' => new MongoDB\BSON\UTCDateTime]);
    $manager->executeBulkWrite('test.asteroids', $bulkWrite);

    sleep(1);
}

?>

With the producer script still running, a second consumer script may be executed to read the inserted documents using a tailable cursor, indicated by the tailable and awaitData options to MongoDB\Driver\Query::__construct. 

<?php

$manager = new MongoDB\Driver\Manager;

$query = new MongoDB\Driver\Query([], [
    'tailable' => true,
    'awaitData' => true,
]);

$cursor = $manager->executeQuery('test.asteroids', $query);

$iterator = new IteratorIterator($cursor);

$iterator->rewind();

while (true) {
    if ($iterator->valid()) {
        $document = $iterator->current();
        printf("Consumed document created at: %s\n", $document->createdAt);
    }

    $iterator->next();
}

?>

The consumer script will start by quickly printing all available documents in the capped collection (as if foreach had been used); however, it will not terminate upon reaching the end of the initial result set. Since the cursor is tailable, calling IteratorIterator::next will block and wait for additional results. IteratorIterator::valid is also used to check if there is actually data available to read at each step.

Note: This example uses the awaitData query option to instruct the server to block for a short period (e.g. one second) at the end of the result set before returning a response to the driver. This is used to prevent the driver from aggressively polling the server when there are no results available. The maxAwaitTimeMS option may be used in conjunction with tailable and awaitData to specify the amount of time that the server should block when it reaches the end of the result set.

Errors/Exceptions

When iterating over the cursor object, BSON data is converted into PHP variables. This iteration can cause the following Exceptions:

  • Throws MongoDB\Driver\Exception\InvalidArgumentException if a class in the type map cannot be instantiated or does not implement MongoDB\BSON\Unserializable.
  • Throws MongoDB\Driver\Exception\UnexpectedValueException if the input did not contain exactly one BSON document. Possible reasons include, but are not limited to, invalid BSON, extra data (after reading one BSON document), or an unexpected » libbson error.
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